bspwm is a tiling window manager for X11 that represents windows as leaves of a full binary tree. It uses a client-server architecture: the `bspwm` daemon manages windows and desktops, while the `bspc` command-line client communicates with it over a Unix domain socket. The daemon does not handle input directly; instead, an external helper like `sxhkd` invokes `bspc` to perform actions. Configuration is done via shell scripts (`bspwmrc`) that call `bspc` commands, and the state can be dumped to JSON for restoration. The project is written in C99 with XCB (X11 C Bindings) and supports EWMH/ICCCM standards, multi-monitor setups (RandR/Xinerama), a rule system for window matching, and event subscriptions for external tools like panels.
picom is an X11 compositor that provides desktop visual effects such as window shadows, fading, blur, rounded corners, and animations. It is a fork of Compton and serves as a lightweight compositing manager for X11 window managers. The system is built around a modular architecture with pluggable rendering backends (XRender and OpenGL), a damage-based incremental renderer, a window tree manager, and a custom animation scripting engine. Key entry points include the main session initialization in `src/picom.c`, the event loop driven by libev, and the backend initialization. Data flows begin with X11 events (e.g., window creation, property changes) processed by the event handler, which updates the window tree and triggers damage computation. The renderer then builds a list of backend commands from window layers, applies damage culling, and presents the final image via the selected backend. External dependencies include X11 libraries (xcb, xlib, xrender, xdamage, xcomposite, xpresent, xrandr), libconfig for configuration, libev for event handling, pixman for region operations, and optional OpenGL, dbus, and pcre2. The project is actively maintained with a comprehensive test suite and CI/CD pipelines.