v2rayN is a cross-platform GUI client for managing proxy configurations (V2Ray, Xray, sing-box, etc.). It features dual UI frameworks (WPF for Windows, Avalonia for Linux/macOS) with shared MVVM architecture using ReactiveUI. The application handles server management, subscription processing, routing rules, DNS configuration, system proxy control, and traffic statistics. Core functionality includes generating core-specific configuration files, testing server performance, and integrating with external proxy binaries. The codebase demonstrates strong separation of concerns with distinct layers for models, services, handlers, and viewmodels.
HevSocks5Tunnel is a lightweight, high-performance tun2socks proxy written in C. It creates a virtual TUN interface and forwards all TCP/UDP traffic through a SOCKS5 proxy, supporting IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack, UDP-in-UDP and UDP-in-TCP relay modes, optional local ICMP echo replies, and a mapped DNS feature for transparent DNS resolution. The architecture is monolithic but modular: a YAML-based configuration parser, platform-specific tunnel backends (Linux, FreeBSD, macOS, NetBSD, Windows via Wintun), and a session management layer built on top of lwIP and the hev-task-system cooperative multitasking library. It can be used as a standalone CLI tool, a static/shared library, or embedded via JNI on Android. The codebase demonstrates strong C craftsmanship with clean abstractions, efficient I/O patterns (ring buffer with iovec, scatter/gather), and careful platform abstraction.
v2rayNG is a production-grade Android VPN/proxy client that provides a comprehensive interface for managing V2Ray and Xray proxy configurations. It supports multiple proxy protocols (VMess, VLESS, Shadowsocks, Trojan, WireGuard, Hysteria2, SOCKS, HTTP), subscription management with auto-update, routing rules, per-app proxy, and backup/restore via local files or WebDAV. The app runs in three modes: VPN (TUN), proxy-only (local SOCKS/HTTP), and root (iptables transparent proxy). It uses native cores (Xray or v2fly) via JNI and manages complex configuration generation, including DNS segmentation, observatory-based load balancing, and fragment settings. The architecture follows standard Android patterns with Compose UI, ViewModels, and background services in separate processes. The codebase is actively maintained with a large community, though some modules (e.g., CoreConfigManager) are monolithic and could benefit from further decomposition.
Xray-core is a production-grade network proxy framework written in Go. It implements a wide range of proxy protocols (VMess, VLESS, Shadowsocks, Trojan, Hysteria, WireGuard, SOCKS, HTTP) and transport layers (TCP, WebSocket, gRPC, KCP, SplitHTTP, HTTPUpgrade, QUIC) with advanced obfuscation techniques (Noise, Sudoku, XMC, Realm) for censorship circumvention. The architecture is modular, with pluggable inbound/outbound handlers, a rule-based router with domain/IP/port/protocol matching, a DNS subsystem supporting multiple upstreams (DoH, DoQ, TCP, UDP, FakeDNS), and an observatory for health-based load balancing. Configuration is via JSON/protobuf, and runtime management is exposed through gRPC APIs. The codebase is extensive, well-tested (unit and integration scenarios), and leverages Go's concurrency primitives heavily for performance. However, it includes experimental transports and deprecated features (e.g., legacy Shadowsocks, xtls security), indicating ongoing evolution and some technical drift in the ecosystem.
Fuso is a Rust-based intranet penetration and port forwarding tool that enables exposing local services behind NAT to the public internet via a relay server. It implements a client-server architecture with support for TCP forwarding, SOCKS5 proxy (including UDP association), KCP protocol for reliable UDP transport, LZ4 compression, and RSA+AES encryption. The system is built on a custom async runtime abstraction (supporting tokio and smol), with a modular design using provider and builder patterns. The server (fus) manages client connections and public listeners, while the client (fuc) registers port mappings and forwards traffic. Additional features include bridge mode for cascading proxies, heartbeat health checks, observer hooks for external notifications, and a configuration API. The codebase demonstrates strong Rust async patterns, protocol implementation skills, and a clean separation between core abstractions and runtime specifics.
V2Ray-core is a Go-based network proxy and tunneling platform designed to help users build private networks and bypass censorship. It functions as a modular proxy framework supporting multiple protocols (VMess, VLess, Trojan, SOCKS, HTTP, MTProto, Shadowsocks) and transport layers (TCP, mKCP, WebSocket, HTTP/2, QUIC, Domain Socket, XTLS). The architecture is highly modular: the core runtime manages features (dispatcher, router, DNS, stats, policy, log) as pluggable components, while proxy implementations and transports are registered via a global config-creator registry. Entry points are the main binary (v2ray) and a control utility (v2ctl) for config conversion, signing, and diagnostics. Data flows from inbound handlers through a dispatcher that routes connections by destination, protocol sniffing, and routing rules to outbound handlers, which then dial remote servers over the configured transport. External dependencies include gorilla/websocket, quic-go, miekg/dns, go-proxyprotocol, VSign for binary signing, and xtls/go for extended TLS. The codebase demonstrates strong engineering in its layered abstraction: common/ provides reusable, low-level primitives (buffered I/O with MultiBuffer, retry logic, crypto streams, session context, platform path handling), while features/ defines clean interfaces for routing, DNS, stats, and policy that the app/ layer implements. The transport layer is particularly well-designed, with each protocol isolated behind a common Dial/Listen interface and supporting pluggable packet headers for traffic obfuscation (e.g., faking WeChat video, SRTP, UTP, WireGuard, DTLS). The string matcher (strmatcher) uses a trie for domain matching and supports full, substring, keyword, and regex patterns with index-based grouping. The custom buf package provides a lightweight buffer pool and vectored I/O reader (readv) for performance. The error handling uses a structured errors package with path objects for source location. However, the repository shows signs of stagnation. The README explicitly redirects to v2fly/v2ray-core, indicating this is the legacy v2ray organization's repo. The last commit was in April 2026, but the go.mod targets Go 1.15 (released 2020), and many dependencies are pinned to pre-1.0 versions (quic-go v0.18.1, grpc v1.32.0, protobuf v1.25.0). The CI workflows have conditions like `if: github.repository != 'v2ray/v2ray-core'` suggesting they are disabled for this fork. The codebase contains extensive generated code (errors.generated.go, config.pb.go) and mock files. The XTLS integration references an external fork (xtls/go) rather than the standard crypto/tls. The custom Chacha20 implementation uses code generation for the core block function. While the architecture is sound, the dependency versions and Go version target are significantly behind current ecosystem standards.