Jupyverse is a modular Jupyter server implementation built on the FPS (FastAPI Plugins System) framework. It provides a customizable backend for Jupyter interfaces (JupyterLab, Notebook) through interchangeable plugins handling authentication, file contents, kernel management, terminals, real-time collaboration, and more. The system uses FastAPI for HTTP/WebSocket endpoints and anyio for async operations, with a core API defining interfaces that plugins implement. Entry points include a CLI command and composed plugin modules. Key data flows involve routing requests to appropriate plugins (e.g., contents API for file operations, kernel plugin for code execution) and leveraging WebSockets for real-time features like collaboration and terminal communication. External dependencies include FPS, Jupyter libraries, Yjs for CRDTs, and various auth providers.