Base class for all glTF extensions. Provides hooks (preread, read, prewrite, write) for reading/writing extension properties from/to JSON. Can be extended to add new glTF extension support with minimal boilerplate. Demonstrates a clean plugin system that can be reused for any JSON-based format that needs extensible properties.

Base property class using a graph structure (GraphNode from property-graph library). Manages references between properties (e.g., Mesh references Accessors, Materials reference Textures). Enables efficient traversal, disposal, and copying of complex 3D scenes. The pattern of using a directed graph for entity relationships is reusable in any domain requiring interdependent objects.

Implements a reactive observer that watches a reference (e.g., a glTF property reference) and triggers callbacks on add, remove, or update. Part of a family of observers (RefListObserver, RefMapObserver) that enable real-time synchronization between a data model and a Three.js scene. This pattern is reusable for any reactive UI or data-binding system.

Provides `createTransform` and `assignDefaults` utilities used by all transform functions. `createTransform` wraps an async function with a name and optional logging; it standardizes the transform interface. `assignDefaults` merges user options with defaults. This pattern for composing operations into a pipeline is reusable in any processing pipeline where steps need to be named, ordered, and configurable.

Collection of functions for working with typed arrays: creating typed arrays from numbers, padding arrays, computing byte strides, packing/unpacking interleaved data. These are essential for low-level binary buffer manipulation and are reusable in any application that needs to handle binary data with typed arrays (e.g., game engines, file format converters).