A fixed-size, thread-safe circular buffer implemented as a generic struct with automatic eviction. Demonstrates efficient memory management and safe concurrent access without locks, reusable for any bounded collection need.

A one-shot async race primitive that settles on the first completed outcome (success, timeout, cancellation) with a pre-install replay mechanism. Provides a clean abstraction for timeout/cancellation in agent runs, extractable for any async race scenario.

A pure Swift recursive descent arithmetic expression parser that avoids NSExpression for cross-platform compatibility. Demonstrates tokenization, operator precedence, and error handling without external dependencies, reusable for any expression evaluation.

Standard implementations of common reducers (last-write-wins, sum, min, max, append, set union, dictionary merge) for deterministic state management in the Hive event-sourced runtime. Each reducer is a pure function with clear semantics, reusable for any event-sourced system.

An immutable chain of fallback steps with conditions, guaranteed fallback, and failure callbacks. Provides a fluent builder for composing degradation strategies in agent inference, extractable for any resilience layer.

A tracer implementation that fans out events to multiple child tracers with configurable forwarding (parallel/sequential) and level filtering. Enables multi-channel observability without coupling, reusable for any composite observer pattern.