Two-Level Segregated Fit (TLSF) memory allocator providing near-O(1) allocation/free with bounded fragmentation — a classic choice for real-time and embedded systems. Self-contained header/inline pair with no engine coupling, extractable into any low-latency project. Demonstrates non-obvious craft in free-list segregation, splitting, and coalescing.

Core templated math module covering vectors, matrices, quaternions, transforms, planes, rays, AABBs, and angle/unit abstractions with SIMD-friendly layout. The math directory is a clean, dependency-light library that can be lifted wholesale into another engine or graphics project; shows disciplined template design and careful edge-case handling.

Sparse-set container forming the backbone of the engine's ECS storage: contiguous packed entity iteration, O(1) index mapping, and swap-and-pop removal. Self-contained and reusable for any data-oriented entity storage, demonstrating the classic packed-array/sparse-index pattern that underpins modern ECS implementations.

Template-based GPU resource-barrier tracking that records per-resource state and batches required pipeline barriers uniformly across Vulkan/D3D12/Metal backends. Isolates non-obvious synchronization logic (layout transitions, subresource tracking, hazard classification) behind a backend-parameterized template; the pattern generalizes to any explicit-API renderer and is backed by dedicated unit tests.