NETworkManager is a comprehensive Windows-based network administration and troubleshooting tool built with WPF and the MVVM pattern. It provides an integrated suite of network utilities including remote access (RDP, PowerShell, PuTTY, TigerVNC, WebConsole), network diagnostics (WiFi scanner, IP/port scanners, ping monitor, traceroute, DNS lookup), configuration tools (firewall, hosts file editor), and various network utilities (subnet calculator, bit calculator, OUI/port lookup, RDAP/Whois, IP geolocation). The application features a tabbed interface where each tool operates as a separate tab, profile-based configuration management for saving host/group settings, settings persistence with system-wide policy support, localization for 16+ languages, and data export capabilities (CSV, XML, JSON). The architecture follows clean separation of concerns with dedicated projects for Controls, Converters, Models, Profiles, Settings, Utilities, and ViewModels/View pairs.
masscan is a high-performance network port scanner capable of scanning the entire IPv4 Internet in under 5 minutes. Unlike typical scanners, it implements a custom TCP/IP stack to avoid kernel overhead, uses randomized probe ordering via a Feistel cipher (BlackRock) for stealth, and supports both IPv4 and IPv6. The scanner is architecturally a multithreaded C application with separate transmit and receive threads per network adapter, a lock-free ring buffer for inter-thread communication, and a plugin system for output formats (XML, JSON, binary, Redis) and protocol parsers (HTTP, SSH, SSL, SMB, etc.). Key entry points include main.c (initialization), main-conf.c (configuration), transmit_thread() (probe generation), and receive_thread() (response handling). External dependencies are minimal: libpcap (loaded dynamically) for raw packet I/O, and optional PF_RING for higher throughput. Lua scripting is also supported for custom extensions.